Global gyrokinetic simulations of electromagnetic turbulence in stellarator plasmas

Global electromagnetic turbulence is simulated in stellarator geometry using the gyrokinetic particle-in-cell code EUTERPE. The evolution of turbulent field and plasma profiles considered at different values beta for magnetic configurations. It found that linearly driven relatively high toroidal mode numbers. In nonlinear regime, lower numbers, including zonal flows, are excited resulting a quench linear instability drive. heat flux outward leads to relaxation temperature profile. particle inward parameters considered. effect parallel perturbation on addressed.